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# Index: F

\f, \F metacharacters: 11.7. Extended Regular Expressions (Learning the vi Editor)
-f file attribute operator: 5.1.4.3. File attribute checking (Learning the Korn Shell)
-f option (sed): 2.2. Command-Line Syntax (sed & awk)
  2.3.2. Script Files (sed & awk)
  2.3.2.3. Mixing options (POSIX) (sed & awk)
-f option (elvis): 10.2. Important Command-Line Arguments (Learning the vi Editor)
-F option (nvi): 9.2. Important Command-Line Arguments (Learning the vi Editor)
-F option to ls command: 3.2. Aliases (Learning the Korn Shell)
-f option (vim): 11.2. Important Command-Line Arguments (Learning the vi Editor)
  11.4.2. Initialization for the GUI (Learning the vi Editor)
F (search line) command: 3.3.2. Current Line Searches (Learning the vi Editor)
face command: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
factor command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
factorial functions: 29.11.4. Functions Calling Functions: Factorials (Unix Power Tools)
factorials: 8.2.4. Deriving Factorials (sed & awk)
failure of commands, indication in exit status: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes (Unix Power Tools)
fake signals: 9.1.2. Fake Signals (Learning the Korn Shell)
  kshdb and: 9.2.3.7. Limitations (Learning the Korn Shell)
fake traps: 10.3. Customizing the Editing Modes (Learning the Korn Shell)
faking dynamic regular expressions: 11.1.5. Faking Dynamic Regular Expressions (sed & awk)
false command: 8.4. trap (Learning the Korn Shell)
  2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  4.9. Built-in Commands (Bourne and Korn Shells) (Unix in a Nutshell)
false (exit status) utility: 35.12. Exit Status of Unix Processes (Unix Power Tools)
false values in Perl: 41.5.1. Scalars (Unix Power Tools)
FAQ on awk: 0.. Other Sources of Information About sed and awk (sed & awk)
fast find commands
  database for: 9.20. Finding Files (Much) Faster with a find Database (Unix Power Tools)
  databases for: 9.18. Using "Fast find" Databases (Unix Power Tools)
  matching shell wildcards: 9.19. Wildcards with "Fast find" Database (Unix Power Tools)
"fat comma" operator (=>): 41.5.3. Hashes (Unix Power Tools)
fc command: 4.5.2. The fc and hist Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  4.9. Built-in Commands (Bourne and Korn Shells) (Unix in a Nutshell)
  4.9. Built-in Commands (Bourne and Korn Shells) (Unix in a Nutshell)
  -e option, starting editor and loading file with recent history: 30.7. History by Number (Unix Power Tools)
  -l option, listing previous commands: 30.7. History by Number (Unix Power Tools)
FCEDIT shell variable: 4.3.3. Other Shell Variables (Unix in a Nutshell)
fdformat command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
fflush( ): 11.2.1.3. Flushing buffered output (sed & awk)
fflush function (gawk): 11.10. Alphabetical Summary of Functions and Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
fg command: 8.2.1. Foreground and Background (Learning the Korn Shell)
  8.2.1. Foreground and Background (Learning the Korn Shell)
  8.2.2. Suspending a Job (Learning the Korn Shell)
  1.1.9.1. Problem checklist (Learning Unix)
  7.1. Running a Command in the Background (Learning Unix)
  4.9. Built-in Commands (Bourne and Korn Shells) (Unix in a Nutshell)
  5.8. Built-in C Shell Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell (Unix Power Tools)
  23.2.2. Using Job Control from Your Shell (Unix Power Tools)
  for resuming suspended jobs: 8.2.2. Suspending a Job (Learning the Korn Shell)
  job numbers, supplying to: 23.3. Using jobs Effectively (Unix Power Tools)
:fg (uncover window) command (nvi): 9.5. Multiwindow Editing (Learning the vi Editor)
fgrep command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  9.21. grepping a Directory Tree (Unix Power Tools)
  13.1. Different Versions of grep (Unix Power Tools)
  running on RCS files: 13.7.1. rcsgrep, rcsegrep, rcsfgrep (Unix Power Tools)
fgrep command (fixed grep)
  -f option: 13.5. grepping for a List of Patterns (Unix Power Tools)
fgrep tool: 1.6.9. Searching and Sorting (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
fi (see if statement)
fi command: 4.9. Built-in Commands (Bourne and Korn Shells) (Unix in a Nutshell)
fi statements: 35.13. Test Exit Status with the if Statement (Unix Power Tools)
fi unexpected error: 37.1.4. Missing or Extra esac, ;;, fi, etc. (Unix Power Tools)
field separators (see delimiters)
fields
  in crontab entries: 25.2.1. Execution Scheduling (Unix Power Tools)
  cutting: 21.14. Cutting Columns or Fields (Unix Power Tools)
  separating with : (colon): 5.6. Checklist: Terminal Hangs When I Log In (Unix Power Tools)
  sort command: 22.2. Sort Fields: How sort Sorts (Unix Power Tools)
    changing delimiter: 22.3. Changing the sort Field Delimiter (Unix Power Tools)
fields for awk records: 2.4.1. Running awk (sed & awk)
  7.5. Records and Fields (sed & awk)
  B.2.1. Records and Fields (sed & awk)
  formatting as output: 7.9. Formatted Printing (sed & awk)
  NF variable: 7.7. System Variables (sed & awk)
    7.7. System Variables (sed & awk)
FIELDSWIDTHS variable (gawk): 11.2.3.6. Separating fields (sed & awk)
FIGNORE shell variable: 4.3.3. Other Shell Variables (Unix in a Nutshell)
file access mode (see permissions)
file attribute operators: 5.1.4.3. File attribute checking (Learning the Korn Shell)
file attributes, SetFile tool for: 1.6.2. Apple's Command-line Developer Tools (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
file command: 5.5. while and until (Learning the Korn Shell)
  9.2.5. Exercises (Learning the Korn Shell)
  1.6.7. Working with Files and Directories (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
file command (ex): 9.2. Alphabetical Summary of ex Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
file creation mode mask: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
file descriptors: 7.1. I/O Redirectors (Learning the Korn Shell)
  7.1.3. File Descriptors (Learning the Korn Shell)
  4.2.5.2. Redirection using file descriptors (Unix in a Nutshell)
  24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts (Unix Power Tools)
  closing: 24.19. Why You Can't Kill a Zombie (Unix Power Tools)
  files currently pointing to, viewing: 24.9.3. Statistics of the Current Process (Unix Power Tools)
  I/O redirection to/from: 7.1. I/O Redirectors (Learning the Korn Shell)
    7.1.3. File Descriptors (Learning the Korn Shell)
    7.2.3.4. Reading user input (Learning the Korn Shell)
  manipulation by exec command: 36.5. The exec Command (Unix Power Tools)
  open files and: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors (Unix Power Tools)
    shell redirecation capabilities: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors (Unix Power Tools)
    standard error or stderr: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors (Unix Power Tools)
    standard input or stdin: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors (Unix Power Tools)
    standard output or stdout: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors (Unix Power Tools)
  redirecting: 36.16. n>&m: Swap Standard Output and Standard Error (Unix Power Tools)
"File exists" message: 1.2.1. Problems Saving Files (Learning the vi Editor)
file inquiry operators (csh): 5.4.1.5. File inquiry operators (Unix in a Nutshell)
"File is read only" message: 1.1.2. Problems Opening Files (Learning the vi Editor)
  1.2.1. Problems Saving Files (Learning the vi Editor)
file keyword (ctags): 8.5.2. The New tags Format (Learning the vi Editor)
file permissions (see permissions)
file protection mode, supplying for directories: 7.8. Making Directories Made Easier (Unix Power Tools)
file protocol (URI types): 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File (Unix Power Tools)
file searching (vim): 11.10.2.2. Include file searching (Learning the vi Editor)
"File system is full" message: 1.2.1. Problems Saving Files (Learning the vi Editor)
"File to load" prompt: 10.6.3. The Toolbar (Learning the vi Editor)
File Transfer Protocol (FTP): 6.4.2. FTP (Learning Unix)
  0.. FTP (sed & awk)
file type detection (vim): 11.10. Interesting Features (Learning the vi Editor)
file utility: 12.6. Finding File Types (Unix Power Tools)
filec option (nvi): 9.8.1. Command-Line History and Completion (Learning the vi Editor)
filec shell variable: 5.3.3. Predefined Shell Variables (Unix in a Nutshell)
File::Find module (Perl): 8.16. oldlinks: Find Unconnected Symbolic Links (Unix Power Tools)
fileformat variable (vim): 11.10. Interesting Features (Learning the vi Editor)
filehandles in Perl: 41.8. Perl Boot Camp, Part 5: Perl Knows Unix (Unix Power Tools)
FileMerge (Project Builder), pbprojectdump tool for: 1.6.2. Apple's Command-line Developer Tools (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
filename completion: 1.5.2.1. Tab completion (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  in emacs-mode: 2.3.5. Filename and Variable Completion and Expansion (Learning the Korn Shell)
  in vi-mode: 2.4.6. Filename and Variable Completion and Expansion (Learning the Korn Shell)
filename expansion
  in emacs-mode: 2.3.5. Filename and Variable Completion and Expansion (Learning the Korn Shell)
  in vi-mode: 2.4.6. Filename and Variable Completion and Expansion (Learning the Korn Shell)
filename generation: 7.3.2. Substitution Order (Learning the Korn Shell)
filenames: 1.6.2. Filenames and Wildcards (Learning the Korn Shell)
  4.1. File and Directory Names (Learning Unix)
  7.6. Naming Files (Unix Power Tools)
  changing: 4.4.3. Renaming and Moving Files with mv (Learning Unix)
  changing with rename function (Perl): 41.8. Perl Boot Camp, Part 5: Perl Knows Unix (Unix Power Tools)
  completion by shells: 28.1. What's Special About the Unix Command Line (Unix Power Tools)
    28.6.1. General Example: Filename Completion (Unix Power Tools)
  conventions: 1.11. Filenames (Unix Power Tools)
  converting form uppercase to lowercase: 21.11. Hacking on Characters with tr (Unix Power Tools)
  ending with ~: 31.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly (Unix Power Tools)
  executable vs. source: 29.9. How to Put if-then-else in a C-Shell Alias (Unix Power Tools)
  extensions for: 1.12. Filename Extensions (Unix Power Tools)
  finding with cat command: 1.4. Communication with Unix (Unix Power Tools)
  links and: 35.28. Finding a Program Name and Giving Your Program Multiple Names (Unix Power Tools)
  metacharacters for: 4.2.2. Filename Metacharacters (Unix in a Nutshell)
    5.2.2. Filename Metacharacters (Unix in a Nutshell)
    6.1. Filenames Versus Patterns (Unix in a Nutshell)
  option commands and: 1.2. Syntax of Unix Command Lines (Learning Unix)
  path name components, stripping with basename: 36.13.1. Introduction to basename and dirname (Unix Power Tools)
  replacing with pathnames: 3.3.3. Setting Permissions with chmod (Learning Unix)
  special characters, quoting in C shell: 27.14. Quoting Special Characters in Filenames (Unix Power Tools)
  starting with dot (.): 4.1. File and Directory Names (Learning Unix)
  stripped from pathnames: 36.13.1. Introduction to basename and dirname (Unix Power Tools)
  stripping from pathnames: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  symbols in: 35.20.1. With the "$@" Parameter (Unix Power Tools)
  whitespace in: 8.11. Can't Access a File? Look for Spaces in the Name (Unix Power Tools)
  wildcards for: 4.2. File and Directory Wildcards (Learning Unix)
    33.1. File-Naming Wildcards (Unix Power Tools)
    failing to match: 33.4. What if a Wildcard Doesn't Match? (Unix Power Tools)
    fileÕs name and extension as separate entities: 33.2. Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell (Unix Power Tools)
    grep -l command, listing matching files: 33.6. Getting a List of Matching Files with grep -l (Unix Power Tools)
    listing of: 33.2. Filename Wildcards in a Nutshell (Unix Power Tools)
    nom script, listing nonmatching files: 33.8. nom: List Files That Don't Match a Wildcard (Unix Power Tools)
    pathnames, not using in: 33.5. Maybe You Shouldn't Use Wildcards in Pathnames (Unix Power Tools)
    shell handling of: 33.3. Who Handles Wildcards? (Unix Power Tools)
    vgrep script, listing nonmatching files: 33.7.2. The vgrep Script (Unix Power Tools)
filenames, working with: 1.5.2. Working with File and Directory Names (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
files: 1.6. Files (Learning the Korn Shell)
  3.1. The Unix Filesystem (Learning Unix)
  4.2. File and Directory Wildcards (Learning Unix)
  1.19. When Is a File Not a File? (Unix Power Tools)
  access and modification times, updating: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  appending text to: 5.1.1.3. The >> operator (Learning Unix)
  appending to existing with vi editor: 17.12. Appending to an Existing File (Unix Power Tools)
  archives (see archives)
  backing up: 1.12. Filename Extensions (Unix Power Tools)
    38.1. What Is This "Backup" Thing? (Unix Power Tools)
    excluding from: 38.9. On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project (Unix Power Tools)
    vi editor, macro for: 18.14. File-Backup Macros (Unix Power Tools)
  backup and auto-save, Emacs: 19.4. Backup and Auto-Save Files (Unix Power Tools)
  binary, converting for email: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  binary, searching: 13.15. Finding Words Inside Binary Files (Unix Power Tools)
  breaking lines of: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  calculating checksum for: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  checking in: 18.3.2. Retrieving a File (Unix in a Nutshell)
    18.6. Alphabetical Summary of SCCS Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    19.2. Basic Operation (Unix in a Nutshell)
    19.5. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  checking out: 18.3.2. Retrieving a File (Unix in a Nutshell)
    18.6. Alphabetical Summary of SCCS Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    19.2. Basic Operation (Unix in a Nutshell)
    19.5. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  classifying by data type: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  cleaning up: 8.4.2. Process ID Variables and Temporary Files (Learning the Korn Shell)
  closing: 10.2. The close( ) Function (sed & awk)
    10.5.2. Working with Multiple Files (sed & awk)
  combining into module: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  comments in, modifying: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  comparing: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    cmp program, using: 11.7. cmp and diff (Unix Power Tools)
    diff commands, using: 11.1. Checking Differences with diff (Unix Power Tools)
    document drafts: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    make program, using: 11.10. make Isn't Just for Programmers! (Unix Power Tools)
  compiling: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  compressing: 15.6. Compressing Files to Save Space (Unix Power Tools)
  compression: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  converting
    character sets in: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    DOS to ISO: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    ISO to DOS: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    string_files into msg_files: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    into tables: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  copying: 4.4.2. Copying Files (Learning Unix)
    4.4.6. Files on Other Operating Systems (Learning Unix)
    6.4. Transferring Files (Learning Unix)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    across a network: 4.4.2.3. Copying files across a network (Learning Unix)
    with remote systems: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    remotely: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
      2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    from tape: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  copying from subdirectories to single directory: 36.18. Shell Scripts On-the-Fly from Standard Input (Unix Power Tools)
  copying into other files: 5.4. Copying a File into Another File (Learning the vi Editor)
  counting number in a directory: 16.6. Counting Lines, Words, and Characters: wc (Unix Power Tools)
  counting words/characters/lines of: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  creating and editing: 4.3. Creating and Editing Files (Learning Unix)
  creating, using wildcards: 28.3. Use Wildcards to Create Files? (Unix Power Tools)
  current and alternate (% and #): 5.5.3. Calling in New Files (Learning the vi Editor)
  deleted, archiving on tape: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files (Unix Power Tools)
  deleting: 4.4.5. Removing Files and Directories (Learning Unix)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    1.2.1. Problems Saving Files (Learning the vi Editor)
  directory contents, explanation of: 10.2. What's Really in a Directory? (Unix Power Tools)
  directory names and: 3.5. Completing File and Directory Names (Learning Unix)
  directory trees and: 3.1.7. Files in the Directory Tree (Learning Unix)
  disassembling: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  displaying
    by page: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    profile data for: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  downloading from the command line: 1.5.2. Working with File and Directory Names (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  dumping parts of: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  editing (see editing)
    5.5. Editing Multiple Files (Learning the vi Editor)
    bfs command: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    restrictions on: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  editing multiple: 4.4.2. Making Changes Across a Set of Files (sed & awk)
  emacs commands for handling: 7.2.1. File-Handling Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  Emacs editor, viewing and manipulating in: 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List (Unix Power Tools)
  empty: 43.12. What Can You Do with an Empty File? (Unix Power Tools)
  emptying: 15.2. Instead of Removing a File, Empty It (Unix Power Tools)
  encoded, recreating original file: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  encrypting and decrypting : (unixnut) 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Learning the vi Editor)
  environment: 3.5.2. The Environment File (Learning the Korn Shell)
  executable (see executable files)
  executing ex scripts on: 7.4. Using ex Scripts (Learning the vi Editor)
  expanding: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  extracting columns/fields: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  extracting contents from: 4.4.3. Extracting Contents of a File (sed & awk)
  filenames: 1.1.1. Opening a File (Learning the vi Editor)
    5.1. ex Commands (Learning the vi Editor)
  filenames, special: 11.2.1.4. Special filenames (sed & awk)
  finding: 8.1. Everything but the find Command (Unix Power Tools)
    access times: 8.2. The Three Unix File Times (Unix Power Tools)
    by age and size: 8.14. Listing Files by Age and Size (Unix Power Tools)
    change and modification times: 8.2. The Three Unix File Times (Unix Power Tools)
    counting by types: 8.13. Counting Files by Types (Unix Power Tools)
    GNU ls command, features of: 8.7. Some GNU ls Features (Unix Power Tools)
      8.8. A csh Alias to List Recently Changed Files (Unix Power Tools)
    listing subdirectories with ls -R: 8.4. List All Subdirectories with ls -R (Unix Power Tools)
    newest file, printing name of: 8.15. newer: Print the Name of the Newest File (Unix Power Tools)
    nonprintable characters in filenames, showing: 8.12. Showing Nonprintable Characters in Filenames (Unix Power Tools)
    oldest or newest with ls -t or ls -u: 8.3. Finding Oldest or Newest Files with ls -t and ls -u (Unix Power Tools)
    showing hidden files with ls -a or ls -A: 8.9. Showing Hidden Files with ls -A and -a (Unix Power Tools)
    spaces in filenames: 8.11. Can't Access a File? Look for Spaces in the Name (Unix Power Tools)
    symbolic links, unconnected: 8.16. oldlinks: Find Unconnected Symbolic Links (Unix Power Tools)
    type of file in each directory, listing with ls -F: 8.10. Useful ls Aliases (Unix Power Tools)
    unique filenames, picking automatically: 8.17. Picking a Unique Filename Automatically (Unix Power Tools)
  finding with find command (see find command)
  finding/searching for: 4.4.4. Finding Files (Learning Unix)
  formatting: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  formatting lines in: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  getting information on: 7.8.1. Getting Information About Files (sed & awk)
  hidden: 3.1.8. Listing Files with ls (Learning Unix)
  hosts.equiv: 6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh (Unix Power Tools)
    6.10.2. Starting a Remote Client with rsh and ssh (Unix Power Tools)
  information about: 3.1.8. Listing Files with ls (Learning Unix)
  inodes: 14.2. How Unix Keeps Track of Files: Inodes (Unix Power Tools)
  inserting compiler error messages: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  inserting text in: 5.1.1. Putting Text in a File (Learning Unix)
  Interleaf, converting: 6.1.1.1. Converting an Interleaf file (sed & awk)
  iterating through lists of: 7.3.5. More Examples of Mapping Keys (Learning the vi Editor)
  joining similar lines of: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  less command, using: 3.2. Looking Inside Files with less (Learning Unix)
  linking: 10.3. Files with Two or More Names (Unix Power Tools)
    creating and removing links: 10.5. Creating and Removing Links (Unix Power Tools)
    directories, linking: 10.7. Linking Directories (Unix Power Tools)
    directory, links to: 10.4.2. Links to a Directory (Unix Power Tools)
    filenames for symbolic links: 10.8. Showing the Actual Filenames for Symbolic Links (Unix Power Tools)
    links, types of: 10.4. More About Links (Unix Power Tools)
    reasons for: 10.3. Files with Two or More Names (Unix Power Tools)
    stale symbolic links: 10.6. Stale Symbolic Links (Unix Power Tools)
  Linux protection for: 3.3.4. More Protection Under Linux (Learning Unix)
  listing: 3.1.8. Listing Files with ls (Learning Unix)
    for current directory: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    related pairs of: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    shared objects for: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    those to be executed: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  lockfiles: 36.27. Shell Lockfile (Unix Power Tools)
  ls command for listing: 1.6.2. Filenames and Wildcards (Learning the Korn Shell)
  managing: 4.4. Managing Your Files (Learning Unix)
  manipulating, tools for: 1.5.4. Additional Shell Commands (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
    1.6.7. Working with Files and Directories (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  merging lines into columns: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  modification by attackers, checking for: 48.7. Intruder Detection (Unix Power Tools)
  modification times of: 7.3.4. eval (Learning the Korn Shell)
  moving: 4.4.3. Renaming and Moving Files with mv (Learning Unix)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  multiple: 10.5.2. Working with Multiple Files (sed & awk)
  multiple edits to: 4.4.1. Multiple Edits to the Same File (sed & awk)
  on multiple systems, commands for: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  names for (see filenames)
  newly created, setting default mode in unmask: 49.4. Setting an Exact umask (Unix Power Tools)
  nextfile statement: 11.2.1.5. The nextfile statement (sed & awk)
  numbering lines in: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  old and new version, saving with vi editor: 17.10. Keep Your Original File, Write to a New File (Unix Power Tools)
  open, and file descriptors: 36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors (Unix Power Tools)
  opening: 1.1.1. Opening a File (Learning the vi Editor)
    multiple at once: 5.5.1. Invoking vi on Multiple Files (Learning the vi Editor)
      5.5.3. Calling in New Files (Learning the vi Editor)
    previous file: 5.5.4. Switching Files from vi (Learning the vi Editor)
    read-only mode: 4.2.2. Read-only Mode (Learning the vi Editor)
    at specific place: 4.2.1. Advancing to a Specific Place (Learning the vi Editor)
  overwriting accidentally: 27.4. Command Evaluation and Accidentally Overwriting Files (Unix Power Tools)
  overwriting by mistake: 5.1.1.2. The > operator (Learning Unix)
  ownership of (see ownership, file)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    50.2.1. User, Group, and World (Unix Power Tools)
  packed, displaying: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  packing up and moving (see archives)
  paging: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  patching: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  pathnames: 3.1.3. The Directory Tree (Learning Unix)
  permissions: 3.1.8. Listing Files with ls (Learning Unix)
    3.3.2. File Access Permissions (Learning Unix)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    umask command and: 3.7. Customizing Your Account (Learning Unix)
  permissions for (see permissions)
    10.2.1. umask (Learning the Korn Shell)
    31.13. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory (Unix Power Tools)
  PostScript (see PostScript files)
  printing: 4.5. Printing Files (Learning Unix)
    28.4. Build Strings with { } (Unix Power Tools)
    (see also printing)
    appending to: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    initial lines of: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    last lines of: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    shortcut for: 28.4. Build Strings with { } (Unix Power Tools)
  printing information about: 5.1.4.3. File attribute checking (Learning the Korn Shell)
  pseudonyms (links) for: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  Python, opening, closing and reading: 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting (Unix Power Tools)
  quitting (see quitting vi)
  reading: 4.5.1. pr (Learning Unix)
    5.1.1.1. cat (Learning Unix)
    5.2.3. Piping to a Pager (Learning Unix)
  reading as vi environments: 7.1.3. Alternate Environments (Learning the vi Editor)
  reading from: 5.11. Reading and Writing Files (sed & awk)
    10.1.1. Reading Input from Files (sed & awk)
  reading to/writing from: 43.1. Using Standard Input and Output (Unix Power Tools)
    43.1. Using Standard Input and Output (Unix Power Tools)
    43.3. Send (Only) Standard Error Down a Pipe (Unix Power Tools)
  recovering after crash: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  recovering with vi -r command: 17.19. vi File Recovery Versus Networked Filesystems (Unix Power Tools)
    recovered buffers, cautions about: 17.20. Be Careful with vi -r Recovered Buffers (Unix Power Tools)
  remote: 4.4.6. Files on Other Operating Systems (Learning Unix)
    copying: 6.4. Transferring Files (Learning Unix)
  remote, copying to local system: 28.4. Build Strings with { } (Unix Power Tools)
  removing (see deleting removing files rm command)
  removing information from: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  renaming: 4.4.3. Renaming and Moving Files with mv (Learning Unix)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    copying or comparing set of: 10.9. Renaming, Copying, or Comparing a Set of Files (Unix Power Tools)
    interactively: 10.10. Renaming a List of Files Interactively (Unix Power Tools)
  renaming buffer (ex): 5.3.1. Renaming the Buffer (Learning the vi Editor)
  restoring from tape: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  retrieving information from: 7.11. Information Retrieval (sed & awk)
  revision control (see revision control)
  saving (see saving edits)
  saving part of with vi editor: 17.11. Saving Part of a File (Unix Power Tools)
  scripts as (see scripts)
  search path for: 11.2.3.2. An awk program search path (sed & awk)
  searching
    by column, using awk: 13.13. Finding a Character in a Column (Unix Power Tools)
    with grep commands: 13.1. Different Versions of grep (Unix Power Tools)
    look program: 13.14. Fast Searches and Spelling Checks with "look" (Unix Power Tools)
    rcsgrep script: 13.7. Search RCS Files with rcsgrep (Unix Power Tools)
  searching contents: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    by line beginnings: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    message files: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    for newline/null sequence: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    by pattern matching: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  searching for: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  searching within: 5.2.1. grep (Learning Unix)
  security (see security)
  sending to printer: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  sharing: 3.3. Protecting and Sharing Files (Learning Unix)
  showing contents of: 12.1. Cracking the Nut (Unix Power Tools)
    cat -v or od -c, showing nonprinting characters: 12.4. Show Nonprinting Characters with cat -v or od -c (Unix Power Tools)
    cat command: 12.2. What Good Is a cat? (Unix Power Tools)
    displaying end with tail command: 12.8. How to Look at the End of a File: tail (Unix Power Tools)
    file types, finding: 12.6. Finding File Types (Unix Power Tools)
    head, displaying beginning with: 12.12. Printing the Top of a File (Unix Power Tools)
    less and more pagers: 12.3. "less" is More (Unix Power Tools)
    numbering lines: 12.13. Numbering Lines (Unix Power Tools)
    squashing extra blank lines with cat -s: 12.7. Squash Extra Blank Lines (Unix Power Tools)
  size of: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    batch editing and: 20.8. Batch Editing Gotcha: Editors Fail on Big Files (Unix Power Tools)
    limiting: 15.5. Limiting File Sizes (Unix Power Tools)
  sorting: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    lines in: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    removing duplicate lines: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  sorting lines in: 5.2.2. sort (Learning Unix)
  source, sending: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  special gawk: 11.2.3.7. Additional special files (sed & awk)
  splitting by context (csplit): 21.10. Splitting Files by Context: csplit (Unix Power Tools)
  splitting into multiple files
    based on context: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    based on size: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  stripping troff/nroff codes: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  switching among with vi editor: 17.3. Editing Multiple Files with vi (Unix Power Tools)
  symbol tables for, printing: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  temporary: 8.4.2. Process ID Variables and Temporary Files (Learning the Korn Shell)
    31.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly (Unix Power Tools)
    handling text with: 28.15. Handling Lots of Text with Temporary Files (Unix Power Tools)
  testing: 35.26. test: Testing Files and Strings (Unix Power Tools)
  types of: 1.6. Files (Learning the Korn Shell)
  uncompressing: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
    35.17. Trapping Exits Caused by Interrupts (Unix Power Tools)
  write-protected, deleting: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  writing (see writing the buffer)
  writing to: 2.3.2.1. Saving output (sed & awk)
    5.11. Reading and Writing Files (sed & awk)
    10.5. Directing Output to Files and Pipes (sed & awk)
filesystem: 3.1. The Unix Filesystem (Learning Unix)
  A. The Mac OS X Filesystem (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  check of: 2.1.3. The rc Scripts (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  graphical browsers: 3.4. Graphical Filesystem Browsers (Learning Unix)
  information about, fs_usage utility for displaying: 8.1.2. fs_usage (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  networked: 3.1.3. The Directory Tree (Learning Unix)
filesystem check (fsck) program: 1.10. The Kernel and Daemons (Unix Power Tools)
Filesystem Hierarchy Standard (FHS): 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories (Unix Power Tools)
  web site information on: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories (Unix Power Tools)
filesystem-related parameters: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
filesystems: 44.5. Filesystem Types and /etc/fstab (Unix Power Tools)
  navigating Unix filesystem: 31.1. Getting Around the Filesystem (Unix Power Tools)
    cd, speeding up with aliases: 31.9. Quick cds with Aliases (Unix Power Tools)
    changing directories: 31.5. Saving Time When You Change Directories: cdpath (Unix Power Tools)
    changing directories with c (shell function): 31.10. cd by Directory Initials (Unix Power Tools)
    current directory: 31.3. What Good Is a Current Directory? (Unix Power Tools)
    current directory, finding: 31.4. How Does Unix Find Your Current Directory? (Unix Power Tools)
    directories, automatic setup when entering/exiting: 31.13. Automatic Setup When You Enter/Exit a Directory (Unix Power Tools)
    home directory, finding (for anyone): 31.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly (Unix Power Tools)
    loop control, break and continue: 31.6. Loop Control: break and continue (Unix Power Tools)
    marking your place with shell variable: 31.12. Marking Your Place with a Shell Variable (Unix Power Tools)
    relative and absolute pathnames: 31.2. Using Relative and Absolute Pathnames (Unix Power Tools)
    shell pushd and popd commands: 31.7. The Shells' pushd and popd Commands (Unix Power Tools)
  NFS and SMBFS, mounting: 44.9. Mounting Network Filesystems — NFS, SMBFS (Unix Power Tools)
  Perl functions for: 41.8. Perl Boot Camp, Part 5: Perl Knows Unix (Unix Power Tools)
  /proc: 24.9. The /proc Filesystem (Unix Power Tools)
  removable, mounting/unmounting: 44.6. Mounting and Unmounting Removable Filesystems (Unix Power Tools)
  synchronizing with rsync program: 20.6. Change Many Files by Editing Just One (Unix Power Tools)
  for USBs: 44.12. USB Configuration (Unix Power Tools)
filtering text through UNIX commands: 7.2.1. Filtering Text Through a Command (Learning the vi Editor)
filters: 5.2. Pipes and Filters (Learning Unix)
  1.5. Programs Are Designed to Work Together (Unix Power Tools)
  36.15. Overview: Open Files and File Descriptors (Unix Power Tools)
  apsfilter: 45.17. Converting Source Files Automagically Within the Spooler (Unix Power Tools)
  for graphics: 45.19. The Portable Bitmap Package (Unix Power Tools)
  grep command as: 13.2. Searching for Text with grep (Unix Power Tools)
  lpd daemon, running files through: 45.9.2. Printing to Windows Printers from Unix (Unix Power Tools)
find command: 1.9.2. Backslash-Escaping (Learning the Korn Shell)
  2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  9.1. How to Use find (Unix Power Tools)
  $( ) operator, used with: 36.24. Nested Command Substitution (Unix Power Tools)
  -atime operator
    locating files based on last access time: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files (Unix Power Tools)
  -exec operator
    creating custom tests: 9.10. Using -exec to Create Custom Tests (Unix Power Tools)
    large recursive greps, using for: 9.11. Custom -exec Tests Applied (Unix Power Tools)
  -exec option: 50.6. The Handy chmod = Operator (Unix Power Tools)
  -inum operator: 14.15. Removing a Strange File by its i-number (Unix Power Tools)
  -mtime operator: 9.5. Searching for Old Files (Unix Power Tools)
  -name operator: 9.4. Looking for Files with Particular Names (Unix Power Tools)
  -newer option, using in incremental file backups: 38.9. On-Demand Incremental Backups of a Project (Unix Power Tools)
  -nouser or -nogroup operators: 9.16. Searching by Owner and Group (Unix Power Tools)
  -ok option: 14.5. Answer "Yes" or "No" Forever with yes (Unix Power Tools)
  -perm operator: 9.15. Searching for Files by Permission (Unix Power Tools)
  -prune operator: 9.25. Finding Files with -prune (Unix Power Tools)
    14.15. Removing a Strange File by its i-number (Unix Power Tools)
    quick find in current directory: 9.26. Quick finds in the Current Directory (Unix Power Tools)
  -size operator: 9.14. Searching for Files by Size (Unix Power Tools)
  -type operator: 9.13. Searching for Files by Type (Unix Power Tools)
  -user and -group operators: 9.16. Searching by Owner and Group (Unix Power Tools)
  clearing out unneeded files with: 14.19. Using find to Clear Out Unneeded Files (Unix Power Tools)
  cpio operator
    archiving deleted files on tape: 14.17. Deleting Stale Files (Unix Power Tools)
  directory tree, delving through: 9.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree (Unix Power Tools)
  duplicating a directory tree: 9.17. Duplicating a Directory Tree (Unix Power Tools)
  fast find commands: 9.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree (Unix Power Tools)
    database for: 9.20. Finding Files (Much) Faster with a find Database (Unix Power Tools)
    matching shell wildcards: 9.19. Wildcards with "Fast find" Database (Unix Power Tools)
  fast find databases, using: 9.18. Using "Fast find" Databases (Unix Power Tools)
  features and basic operators: 9.1. How to Use find (Unix Power Tools)
  filename-matching patterns: 32.2. Don't Confuse Regular Expressions with Wildcards (Unix Power Tools)
  files for compression: 15.9. Compressing a Directory Tree: Fine-Tuning (Unix Power Tools)
  files you own with wrong permissions: 50.2.1. User, Group, and World (Unix Power Tools)
  finding many things with one command: 9.12. Finding Many Things with One Command (Unix Power Tools)
  grepping a directory tree: 9.21. grepping a Directory Tree (Unix Power Tools)
  hard links to a file, finding: 9.24. Finding the (Hard) Links to a File (Unix Power Tools)
  lookfor script, using in: 9.22. lookfor: Which File Has That Word? (Unix Power Tools)
  loops using: 36.13.2. Use with Loops (Unix Power Tools)
  maxdepth operator: 14.15. Removing a Strange File by its i-number (Unix Power Tools)
  modified files, checking for: 48.7. Intruder Detection (Unix Power Tools)
  networked filesystem, preventing from searching: 9.28. Keeping find from Searching Networked Filesystem (Unix Power Tools)
  old files, searching for: 9.5. Searching for Old Files (Unix Power Tools)
  operators: 13.3. Finding Text That Doesn't Match (Unix Power Tools)
  regex and iregex options: 32.2. Don't Confuse Regular Expressions with Wildcards (Unix Power Tools)
  running commands on results: 9.9. Running Commands on What You Find (Unix Power Tools)
  search operators: 9.6. Be an Expert on find Search Operators (Unix Power Tools)
  skipping parts of directory tree: 9.27. Skipping Parts of a Tree in find (Unix Power Tools)
  time operators (-mtime, -atime, and -ctime): 9.7. The Times That find Finds (Unix Power Tools)
    exact file-time comparisons: 9.8. Exact File-Time Comparisons (Unix Power Tools)
  unconnected symbolic links, finding: 8.16. oldlinks: Find Unconnected Symbolic Links (Unix Power Tools)
  xargs command, using with: 9.2. Delving Through a Deep Directory Tree (Unix Power Tools)
  -exec option
    changing permissions for directory tree: 50.5. Using chmod to Change File Permission (Unix Power Tools)
:find-file command (vile): 12.5. Multiwindow Editing (Learning the vi Editor)
find program: 4.4.4. Finding Files (Learning Unix)
find tool: 1.6.9. Searching and Sorting (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
Finder services menu: 1.4. The Services Menu (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
finding
  current directory: 31.4. How Does Unix Find Your Current Directory? (Unix Power Tools)
  file types: 12.6. Finding File Types (Unix Power Tools)
  files: 4.4.4. Finding Files (Learning Unix)
  home directory (for anyone): 31.11. Finding (Anyone's) Home Directory, Quickly (Unix Power Tools)
  text in files: 5.2.1. grep (Learning Unix)
findpt alias: 13.3. Finding Text That Doesn't Match (Unix Power Tools)
finger command: 5.2. for (Learning the Korn Shell)
  2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
finger habits: 2.6. Finger Habits (Learning the Korn Shell)
finger program: 1.2.1. Exercise: entering a few commands (Learning Unix)
fink commands: 6.1. Fink (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
Fink distribution: 4.1. Compiler Differences (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  6.1. Fink (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  6.1. Fink (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  (see also /sw directory)
  displaying packages available with: 6.1. Fink (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  libraries available through (list): 5.7. Interesting and Important Libraries (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  packages, creating/installing with: 6.2. Creating Fink Packages (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  Window managers/desktops, installing via: 9.3. Desktops and Window Managers (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  X11-based applications, installing via: 9.4. X11-based Applications and Libraries (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
fink list command: 6.1. Fink (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
firewalls: 46.12. Firewalls (Unix Power Tools)
  gateways functioning as: 46.11. Gateways and NAT (Unix Power Tools)
FireWire drive: 7. Building the Darwin Kernel (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
"First address exceeds second" message: 5.2.5. Redefining the Current Line Position (Learning the vi Editor)
first line of file, moving to: 3.1.4. Movement Within a Screen (Learning the vi Editor)
firstx, firsty option (elvis): 10.6.4. Options (Learning the vi Editor)
fix pseudo-command (sccs): 18.7.2. Pseudo-Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
fixed dynamic addresses: 46.10. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) (Unix Power Tools)
fixed grep (see fgrep command)
fixed length records, converting to/from variable-length records: 21.13. Text Conversion with dd (Unix Power Tools)
fixed strings: 3.2.3. Writing Regular Expressions (sed & awk)
flags: 1.2. Syntax of Unix Command Lines (Learning Unix)
  5.3. Substitution (sed & awk)
  displaying current: 3.4.2. Interactive Shells (Unix Power Tools)
  g (global): 2.1. Awk, by Sed and Grep, out of Ed (sed & awk)
    5.3. Substitution (sed & awk)
    5.3. Substitution (sed & awk)
  numeric: 5.3. Substitution (sed & awk)
    5.3. Substitution (sed & awk)
  p (print): 5.3. Substitution (sed & awk)
    5.3. Substitution (sed & awk)
  w (write): 5.3. Substitution (sed & awk)
    5.3. Substitution (sed & awk)
flat files: 3.3. Configuring Directory Services (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  3.5. NetInfo Utilities (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  3.11. Flat Files and Their NetInfo Counterparts (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
-flat_namespace linker flag: 5.3.3. Two-level Namespaces (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
flavors of Unix: 1.3. The Core of Unix (Unix Power Tools)
flex/flex++ tools: 1.6.1. Standard Unix Development Tools (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
floating-point numbers
  Perl data type: 41.5. Perl Boot Camp, Part 2: Variables and Data Types (Unix Power Tools)
  sort command and: 22.5. Alphabetic and Numeric Sorting (Unix Power Tools)
floppies: 44.6. Mounting and Unmounting Removable Filesystems (Unix Power Tools)
  backing up to: 38.5.3. Backing Up to Floppies or Zip Disks (Unix Power Tools)
  loopback mounts: 44.7. Loopback Mounts (Unix Power Tools)
floppy disks (see disks)
flow control: 5. Flow Control (Learning the Korn Shell)
  6. Advanced sed Commands (sed & awk)
  6.3.3. Building Blocks of Text (sed & awk)
  11.1.6. Control Flow (sed & awk)
  branching: 6.4.1. Branching (sed & awk)
  d command (sed): 5.4. Delete (sed & awk)
  n command: 5.10. Next (sed & awk)
  summary of constructs for: 5. Flow Control (Learning the Korn Shell)
flow-control operators for loops (in Perl): 41.6. Perl Boot Camp, Part 3: Branching and Looping (Unix Power Tools)
flowcharting function calls: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
flushing buffers: 11.2.1.3. Flushing buffered output (sed & awk)
fmli command: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
FMLI (Form and Message Language Interpreter): B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
fmt command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  21.2. Neatening Text with fmt (Unix Power Tools)
  -p option, reformatting program source code: 21.2. Neatening Text with fmt (Unix Power Tools)
    21.4. Clean Up Program Comment Blocks (Unix Power Tools)
    21.4.2. fmt -p (Unix Power Tools)
  -tuw options: 21.2. Neatening Text with fmt (Unix Power Tools)
  disk initializer command: 21.2. Neatening Text with fmt (Unix Power Tools)
  ending punctuation for sentences and: 21.2. Neatening Text with fmt (Unix Power Tools)
  filtering text from vi editor through: 18.5. Keymaps for Pasting into a Window Running vi (Unix Power Tools)
  filtering vi text through: 17.28. Neatening Lines (Unix Power Tools)
  reformatting fortune with: 36.26. Outputting Text to an X Window (Unix Power Tools)
fmt tool: 1.6.5. Text Editing and Processing (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
fmtarg variable (xmessage utility): 36.26. Outputting Text to an X Window (Unix Power Tools)
fmtmsg command: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
fmt.sh script: 21.3. Alternatives to fmt (Unix Power Tools)
-fno-common compiler flag: 5.3. Shared Libraries Versus Loadable Modules (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
FNR variable: 7.7. System Variables (sed & awk)
  10.1.2. Assigning the Input to a Variable (sed & awk)
focus, setting: 2.3.1. Setting Focus (Learning Unix)
fold command: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
fold utility: 21.2. Neatening Text with fmt (Unix Power Tools)
font resource (xterm): 5.16. The Simple Way to Pick a Font (Unix Power Tools)
  5.18. Changing Fonts Dynamically (Unix Power Tools)
fonts (see GUI interfaces for vi clones)
  default: 5.16. The Simple Way to Pick a Font (Unix Power Tools)
  loading to PostScript files: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  nroff/troff requests for: 12.5.5. Font and Character Size (Unix in a Nutshell)
  selecting: 5.16. The Simple Way to Pick a Font (Unix Power Tools)
  xterm, changing dynamically: 5.18. Changing Fonts Dynamically (Unix Power Tools)
    VT Fonts menu: 5.18.1. VT Fonts Menu (Unix Power Tools)
  xterm, VT Fonts menu: 5.17. The xterm Menus (Unix Power Tools)
    5.17. The xterm Menus (Unix Power Tools)
for command (awk): 11.10. Alphabetical Summary of Functions and Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix Power Tools)
for command (ksh93): 4.9. Built-in Commands (Bourne and Korn Shells) (Unix in a Nutshell)
for command (sh, ksh): 4.9. Built-in Commands (Bourne and Korn Shells) (Unix in a Nutshell)
for loop: 5. Flow Control (Learning the Korn Shell)
  5.2. for (Learning the Korn Shell)
  8.2.3. For Loop (sed & awk)
  8.4.1. Associative Arrays (sed & awk)
  arithmetic: 6.5.2. String Formatting Options (Learning the Korn Shell)
  lists of names in: 5.2. for (Learning the Korn Shell)
  syntax for: 5.2. for (Learning the Korn Shell)
for loops: 1.8. Anyone Can Program the Shell (Unix Power Tools)
  20.10.7. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix Power Tools)
  28.12. Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts (Unix Power Tools)
  41.6. Perl Boot Camp, Part 3: Branching and Looping (Unix Power Tools)
  7.4.1. Looping in a Shell Script (Learning the vi Editor)
  break and continue commands in: 35.23. Loop Control: break and continue (Unix Power Tools)
  break and continue, controlling with: 31.6. Loop Control: break and continue (Unix Power Tools)
  command-line arguments, handling with: 35.21. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop (Unix Power Tools)
    35.22. Handling Arguments with while and shift (Unix Power Tools)
  commands, varying while repeating: 28.8. Repeating Commands (Unix Power Tools)
    28.9.2. A for Loop (Unix Power Tools)
  here documents, using to print form letters: 28.13. Here Document Example #1: Unformatted Form Letters (Unix Power Tools)
  in command-line arguments: 35.20.2. With a Loop (Unix Power Tools)
  with multiple variables: 36.12. Making a for Loop with Multiple Variables (Unix Power Tools)
  sed scripts, use in: 34.4. Testing and Using a sed Script: checksed, runsed (Unix Power Tools)
  standard input, stepping through: 36.11. Standard Input to a for Loop (Unix Power Tools)
  wildcards, using with: 35.21. Handling Command-Line Arguments with a for Loop (Unix Power Tools)
forcing file removal/moving without warnings: 50.7. Protect Important Files: Make Them Unwritable (Unix Power Tools)
foreach command: 5.8. Built-in C Shell Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
foreach loop: 28.9.1. A foreach Loop (Unix Power Tools)
foreach loops: 28.12. Multiline Commands, Secondary Prompts (Unix Power Tools)
  commands, varying while repeating: 28.9.1. A foreach Loop (Unix Power Tools)
  iterating through arrays: 41.5.2. Arrays (Unix Power Tools)
  iterating through list elements: 41.6. Perl Boot Camp, Part 3: Branching and Looping (Unix Power Tools)
foreground: 7. Multitasking (Learning Unix)
foreground color: 8.6.2. Configuring It (Unix Power Tools)
foreground jobs: 1.8. Background Jobs (Learning the Korn Shell)
  interrupting with notification of state change in background job: 23.9. Stop Background Output with stty tostop (Unix Power Tools)
  killing: 24.11. Killing Foreground Jobs (Unix Power Tools)
  nice command and: 26.6. A nice Gotcha (Unix Power Tools)
foreground processes: 23.1. Job Control in a Nutshell (Unix Power Tools)
  process group and: 24.3. Managing Processes: Overall Concepts (Unix Power Tools)
Forget saved state (Sawfish window menu): 2.5.5. The Window Menu (Learning Unix)
fork system call: 8.5. Coroutines (Learning the Korn Shell)
  24.2. fork and exec (Unix Power Tools)
  27.2. How the Shell Executes Other Commands (Unix Power Tools)
  processes forking out of control: 24.17. Processes Out of Control? Just STOP Them (Unix Power Tools)
Form and Message Language Interpreter: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
format, tape drives: 38.5.2. Backing Up to Tape (Unix Power Tools)
formatoptions option (vim): 11.10.2.1. Smart indenting (Learning the vi Editor)
formatted manpage files: 2.4. Searching Online Manual Pages (Unix Power Tools)
formatting
  awk output: 7.9. Formatted Printing (sed & awk)
  awk scripts: B.2.2. Format of a Script (sed & awk)
  index (example program): 12.2. Generating a Formatted Index (sed & awk)
  markup languages for: 45.13. Formatting Markup Languages — troff, LATEX, HTML, and So On (Unix Power Tools)
  system time: 11.2.3.11. Time management for programmers (sed & awk)
formatting codes: 1. The vi Text Editor (Learning the vi Editor)
formatting disks and memory cards: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
formatting error messages: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
formatting files: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
formatting Python output: 42.3.5. I/O and Formatting (Unix Power Tools)
FORTRAN: 4.1. Compiler Differences (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
Fortran program source file extension: 1.12. Filename Extensions (Unix Power Tools)
Fortran programming language: 5.1.4.4. Arithmetic conditionals (Learning the Korn Shell)
fortune program: 3.7. Customizing Your Account (Learning Unix)
Fox, Paul: 12. vile—vi Like Emacs (Learning the vi Editor)
FPAT variable (tawk): 11.3.2.1. Tawk language extensions (sed & awk)
fpath array (zsh): 29.13.2. FPATH Search Path (Unix Power Tools)
FPATH environment variable: 29.13.2. FPATH Search Path (Unix Power Tools)
  29.13.2. FPATH Search Path (Unix Power Tools)
  Korn shell: 29.13.2.1. Korn shell (Unix Power Tools)
  zsh shell: 29.13.2.2. zsh (Unix Power Tools)
    29.13.2.2. zsh (Unix Power Tools)
FPATH shell variable: 4.3.3. Other Shell Variables (Unix in a Nutshell)
FPATH variable: 10.2.3. Types of Global Customization (Learning the Korn Shell)
Framed Access Command Environment: B.2. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
framework header files: 4.2.5. Frameworks (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  #import directive and: 5.1. Header Files (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
free disk space, checking with df: 26.1. Timing Is Everything (Unix Power Tools)
free disk space, reporting: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
free memory, information about: 24.9.1. Memory Information (Unix Power Tools)
Free Software Foundation (FSF): 0.2. Availability of sed and awk (sed & awk)
Free Software Foundation website: 39.4. Managing and Sharing Files with RCS and CVS (Unix Power Tools)
FreeBSD: 6. Creating and Installing Packages (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  1.3. The Core of Unix (Unix Power Tools)
  ports system and: 6.3. GNU-Darwin (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
  sections, searching in manpages: 2.1. The man Command (Unix Power Tools)
FreeBSD Unix
  disk partitions: 44.4. Disk Partitioning (Unix Power Tools)
  enabling gatewaying: 46.11. Gateways and NAT (Unix Power Tools)
  ifconfig file output: 46.3. Status and Troubleshooting (Unix Power Tools)
  inetd.conf file: 46.5. The Director of Operations: inetd (Unix Power Tools)
  info command: 2.9. The info Command (Unix Power Tools)
  installing software with FreeBSD packages: 40.10. Installing with FreeBSD Packages (Unix Power Tools)
  kernel boot output for devices: 44.2. Reading Kernel Boot Output (Unix Power Tools)
  OpenSSH: 51.3. Free SSH with OpenSSH (Unix Power Tools)
  serial consoles: 44.14. Decapitating Your Machine — Serial Consoles (Unix Power Tools)
  single user mode: 49.3. Forgetting the root Password (Unix Power Tools)
  software installation with FreeBSD Ports: 40.9. Installation with FreeBSD Ports (Unix Power Tools)
  software installation with Ports system: 40.1. /usr/bin and Other Software Directories (Unix Power Tools)
  strings utility, searching for words in binary files: 13.15. Finding Words Inside Binary Files (Unix Power Tools)
  swapinfo utility: 48.6.2. Checking Swap Space (Unix Power Tools)
from command: 3.5.2. The Environment File (Learning the Korn Shell)
frozen
  terminals: 1.4. The Unresponsive Terminal (Learning Unix)
  windows: 2.7. Unresponsive Windows (Learning Unix)
FS variable: 7.5.1. Referencing and Separating Fields (sed & awk)
  7.5.2. Field Splitting: The Full Story (sed & awk)
  7.7. System Variables (sed & awk)
  11.2.1.2. Obtaining individual characters (sed & awk)
fsck command: 2.1.3. The rc Scripts (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
fsck (filesystem check) program: 1.10. The Kernel and Daemons (Unix Power Tools)
-fstype operator (findcommand): 9.28. Keeping find from Searching Networked Filesystem (Unix Power Tools)
fs_usage utility: 8.1.2. fs_usage (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
-ft option to typeset command: 9.1.1. Set Options (Learning the Korn Shell)
FTP
  anonymous ftp: 27.16. Here Documents (Unix Power Tools)
  anonymous FTP server, configuring: 46.7. Configuring an Anonymous FTP Server (Unix Power Tools)
  Emacs facility for: 19.2. Emacs Features: A Laundry List (Unix Power Tools)
  ftp program: 1.21. Unix Networking and Communications (Unix Power Tools)
  ftp protocol (URI types): 40.6.1. Configuring the sources.list File (Unix Power Tools)
  securing with port forwarding: 51.7. Server and Client Problems (Unix Power Tools)
ftp archives on vi: E.2. Amaze Your Friends! (Learning the vi Editor)
ftp command: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
FTP (File Transfer Protocol): 6.4.2. FTP (Learning Unix)
  0.. FTP (sed & awk)
  2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
Ftpmail: 0.. Ftpmail (sed & awk)
full pathnames: 1.6.1. Directories (Learning the Korn Shell)
full-screen mode, for XDarwin: 9.2. Running XDarwin (Mac OS X for Unix Geeks)
function command (awk): 11.10. Alphabetical Summary of Functions and Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
function command (ksh): 4.9. Built-in Commands (Bourne and Korn Shells) (Unix in a Nutshell)
function keys, mapping: 7.3.7. Mapping Function Keys (Learning the vi Editor)
function keys, mapping in vi: 18.2.1. Command Mode Maps (Unix Power Tools)
function keyword: 9.3. Writing Your Own Functions (sed & awk)
function keyword (ctags): 8.5.2. The New tags Format (Learning the vi Editor)
functional programming languages, functions in: 42.3.2. Functions (Unix Power Tools)
functionfont display mode (elvis): 10.9.2. Syntax Highlighting (Learning the vi Editor)
functions: 4.1.1. Functions (Learning the Korn Shell)
  6.5.4. Function Options (Learning the Korn Shell)
  11.1.10. Functions (sed & awk)
  B.2.6. Statements and Functions (sed & awk)
  @-functions, vi editor: 18.4. vi @-Functions (Unix Power Tools)
    combining: 18.4.2. Combining @-Functions (Unix Power Tools)
    defining and using simple: 18.4.1. Defining and Using Simple @-Functions (Unix Power Tools)
    newlines in: 18.4.4. Newlines in an @-Function (Unix Power Tools)
    reusing definition: 18.4.3. Reusing a Definition (Unix Power Tools)
  arithmetic: 9.1. Arithmetic Functions (sed & awk)
    11.1.10. Functions (sed & awk)
  buffer overflow, causing: 48.4. What We Mean by Buffer Overflow (Unix Power Tools)
  built-in
    gawk: 11.2.3.9. Additional functions (sed & awk)
    tawk: 11.3.2.2. Additional built-in tawk functions (sed & awk)
  built-in editor functions, tcsh: 30.14.3. tcsh Editing (Unix Power Tools)
  C language, boundary checking: 48.4. What We Mean by Buffer Overflow (Unix Power Tools)
  creating library of: 9.3.2. Maintaining a Function Library (sed & awk)
  deleting: 4.1.1. Functions (Learning the Korn Shell)
  flowcharting: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  in command-line processing: 7.3.2. Substitution Order (Learning the Korn Shell)
  listing names: 2.1. Alphabetical Summary of Commands (Unix in a Nutshell)
  local variables in: 6.5.1. Local Variables in Functions (Learning the Korn Shell)
  order of precedence in command lookup: 4.1.1. Functions (Learning the Korn Shell)
  Perl
    exit( ): 41.4. Perl Boot Camp, Part 1: Typical Script Anatomy (Unix Power Tools)
    filesystem: 41.8. Perl Boot Camp, Part 5: Perl Knows Unix (Unix Power Tools)
    hash functions: 41.5.3. Hashes (Unix Power Tools)
    print: 41.5.1. Scalars (Unix Power Tools)
  Python: 42.3.2. Functions (Unix Power Tools)
    anonymous, creating: 42.3.2. Functions (Unix Power Tools)
    class methods: 42.3.3. Everything's an Object (Unix Power Tools)
    defining: 42.3.2. Functions (Unix Power Tools)
  recursive: 8.6.2. Subshells (Learning the Korn Shell)
  scope control (tawk): 11.3.2.1. Tawk language extensions (sed & awk)
  shell: 1.9. Internal and External Commands (Unix Power Tools)
    27.9. Which One Will bash Use? (Unix Power Tools)
    29.11. Shell Function Basics (Unix Power Tools)
    (see also shell functions)
  string-related: 9.2. String Functions (sed & awk)
  syntax for: 4.1.1. Functions (Learning the Korn Shell)
  system-wide: 10.2.3. Types of Global Customization (Learning the Korn Shell)
  tar utility: 39.2. Using tar to Create and Unpack Archives (Unix Power Tools)
  time-related (gawk): 11.2.3.11. Time management for programmers (sed & awk)
  tracing execution of: 6.5.4. Function Options (Learning the Korn Shell)
    9.1.1. Set Options (Learning the Korn Shell)
  trigonometric: 9.1.1. Trigonometric Functions (sed & awk)
  user-defined: 9.3. Writing Your Own Functions (sed & awk)
functions command: 4.9. Built-in Commands (Bourne and Korn Shells) (Unix in a Nutshell)
functions for shell aliases: 8.2. Shell Aliases and Functions (Learning Unix)
fx/Fx commands: 2.4.5. Character-Finding Commands (Learning the Korn Shell)

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