## B.2. Alphabetical List of Commands

In this section, the full name of the ex command is listed as the keyword. To the right of or below each keyword is the syntax, using the shortest abbreviation possible for that command. A brief description follows the syntax.

abbrev
  `ab` [``string text``]

  Define string when typed to be translated into text. If string and text are not specified, list all current abbreviations.

append
  [``address``] `a`[`!`]

  text

  `.`

  Append text at specified address, or at present address if one is not specified. Add a `!` to switch the `autoindent` setting that will be used during input. That is, if `autoindent` was enabled, `!` disables it.

args
  `ar`

  Print the members of the argument list (files named on the command line), with the current argument printed within brackets ([ ]).

change
  [``address``] `c`[`!`]

  text

  `.`

  Replace the specified lines with text. Add a `!` to switch the `autoindent` setting during input of text.

copy
  [``address``] `co` ``destination``

  Copy the lines included in address to the specified destination address. The command `t` (short for "to") is a synonym for `copy`.

delete
  [``address``] `d` [`buffer`]

  Delete the lines included in address. If buffer is specified, save or append the text to the named buffer. Buffer names are the lowercase letters a-z. Uppercase names append text to the buffer.

edit
  `e` [`!`][+``n``] [``filename``]

  Begin editing on filename. If no filename is given, start over with a copy of the current file. Add a `!` to edit the new file even if the current file has not been saved since the last change. With the `+`n argument, begin editing on line n. Or n may be a pattern, of the form `/`pattern.

file
  `f` [``filename``]

  Change the name of the current file to filename, which is considered "not edited." If no filename is specified, print the current status of the file.

global
  [``address``]`g`[`!`]/`pattern`/[`commands`]

  Execute commands on all lines which contain pattern, or if address is specified, all lines within that range. If commands are not specified, print all such lines. Add a `!` to execute commands on all lines not containing pattern.

insert
  [``address``]`i`[`!`]

  text

  `.`

  Insert text at line before the specified address, or at present address if none is specified. Add a `!` to switch the `autoindent` setting during input of text.

join
  [``address``]`j`[`!`][`count`]

  Place the text in the specified range on one line, with whitespace adjusted to provide two space characters after a period (.), no space characters after a `)`, and one space character otherwise. Add a `!` to prevent whitespace adjustment.

k
  [``address``] `k` `char`

  Mark the given address with char, a single lowercase letter. Return later to the line with `'x`. `k` is equivalent to `mark`.

list
  [``address``] `l` [``count``]

  Print the specified lines so that tabs display as `^I` and the ends of lines display as `$`.

map
  `map` `char commands`

  Define a macro named char in visual mode with the specified sequence of commands. char is usually the sequence `#`n, representing a function key on the keyboard, or one or more characters.

mark
  [``address``] `ma` ``char``

  Mark the specified line with char, a single lowercase letter. Return later to the line with `'x`.

move
  [``address``] `m` `destination`

  Move the lines specified by address to the destination address.

next
  `n`[`!`] [[+``n``] ``filelist``]

  Edit the next file from the command-line argument list. Use `args` to list these files. If filelist is provided, replace the current argument list with filelist and begin editing on the first file. With the +n argument, begin editing on line n. Or n may be a pattern, of the form /pattern.

number
  [``address``] `nu` [`count`]

  Print each line specified by address, preceded by its buffer line number. Use `#` as an alternate abbreviation for `number`.

open
  [``address``] `o` [/``pattern``/]

  Enter open mode (vi) at the lines specified by address, or at the lines matching pattern. Exit open mode with `Q`.

preserve
  `pre`

  Save the current editor buffer as though the system was about to crash.

print
  [``address``] `p` [`count`]

  Print the lines specified by address. `P` is another abbreviation.

put
  [``address``] `pu` [`char`]

  Restore previously deleted or yanked lines, from named buffer specified by char, to the line specified by address; if char is not specified, the last deleted or yanked text is restored.

quit
  `q`[`!`]

  Terminate current editing session. Use `!` to discard changes made since the last save. If the editing session includes additional files in the argument list that have not yet been accessed, quit by typing `q!` or by typing `q` twice.

read
  [``address``] `r` `filename`

  Copy the text of filename after the line specified by address. If filename is not specified, the current filename is used.

read
  [``address``] `r !` ``command``

  Read the output of command into the text after the line specified by address.

recover
  `rec` [`filename`]

  Recover filename from system save area.

rewind
  `rew`[`!`]

  Rewind argument list and begin editing the first file in the list. Add a `!` to rewind even if the current file has not been saved since the last change.

set
  `se` `parameter` parameter2

  Set a value to an option with each parameter, or if no parameter is supplied, print all options that have been changed from their defaults. For toggle options, each parameter can be phrased as "option" or "`no` option," other options can be assigned with the syntax, "option`=`value". The form `set` `option``?` displays the value of option.

shell
  `sh`

  Create a new shell. Resume editing when the shell is terminated.

source
  `so` `filename`

  Read and execute ex commands from filename.

substitute
  [``address``] `s` [/`pattern`/`repl`/][`options`]

  Replace each instance of pattern on the specified lines with repl. If pattern and repl are omitted, repeat last substitution. An option of `g` substitutes all instances of pattern on the line. An option of `c` prompts for confirmation before each change. (Spelling out the command name does not work in Solaris 2.6 vi.) See Chapter 6, for full details.

t
  [``address``] `t` `destination`

  Copy the lines included in address to the specified destination address. `t` is equivalent to `copy`.

tag
  [``address``] `ta` ``tag``

  Switch the focus of editing to tag.

unabbreviate
  `una` ``word``

  Remove word from the list of abbreviations.

undo
  `u`

  Reverse the changes made by the last editing command.

unmap
  `unm` ``char``

  Remove char from the list of macros.

v
  [``address``] `v`/ ``pattern``/[`commands`]

  Execute commands on all lines not containing pattern. If commands are not specified, print all such lines. `v` is equivalent to `g!`.

version
  `ve`

  Print the current version number of the editor and the date the editor was last changed. Each clone prints something appropriate.

visual
  [``address``] `vi` [``type``] [``count``]

  Enter visual mode at the line specified by address. Exit with `Q`. type can be one of `-`, `^`, or `.` (See the `z` command). count specifies an initial window size.

visual
  `vi` [+`n`] [`filename`]

  Begin editing on filename in visual mode.

write
  [``address``] `w`[`!`] [[>>]``filename``]

  Write lines specified by address to filename, or full contents of buffer if address is not specified. If filename is also omitted, save the contents of the buffer to the current filename. If `>>` filename is used, write contents to the end of the specified filename. Add a `!` to force the editor to write over any current contents of filename.

write
  [``address``] `w !`command

  Write lines specified by address to command.

wq
  `wq`[`!`]

  Write and quit the file in one movement. The file is always written.

xit
  `x`

  Write file if changes have been made to the buffer since last write, then quit.

yank
  [``address``] `y` [``char``] [``count``]

  Place lines specified by address in named buffer indicated by char, or if no char is specified place in general buffer.

z
  [``address``] `z` [`type`] [`count`]

  Print a window of text with line specified by address at the top. type can be one of:

  `+`

    Place specified line at the top of the window (default).

  `-`

    Place specified line at the bottom of the window.

  `.`

    Place specified line in the center of the window.

  `^`

    Print the previous window.

  `=`

    Place specified line in the center of the window and leave the current line at this line.

  count specifies the number of lines to be displayed.

!
  [``address``] `!`command

  Execute command in a shell. If address is specified, apply the lines contained in address as standard input to command, and replace the lines with the output and error output. (This is called filtering the text through the command.)

=
  [``address``] `=`

  Print the line number of the line indicated by address. Default is line number of last line.

<>
  [``address``] `<` [`count`]

  or

  [`address`] `>` [`count`]

  Shift lines specified by address in specified direction. Only leading spaces and tabs are added or removed when shifting lines. The `shiftwidth` option controls the number of columns that are shifted. Repeating the `<` or `>` increases the shift amount. For example, `:>>>` shifts three times as much as `:>`.

address
  ``address``

  Print the lines specified in address.

RETURN
  RETURN

  Print the next line in the file.

&
  [``address``] `&` [``options``] [``count``]

  Repeat the previous substitute command.

~
  [``address``] ~ [`count`]

  Replace the last used regular expression (even if from a search, and not from an `s` command) with the replacement pattern from the most recent `s` (substitute) command. See Section 6.3.4 in Chapter 6 for details.

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