# Chapter 14. ms Macros

#### Contents:

Alphabetical Summary of ms Macros
Number Registers for Page Layout
Reserved Macro and String Names
Reserved Number Register Names
Sample Document

This chapter presents the following topics:

- Alphabetical summary of ms macros

- Number registers for page layout

- Reserved macro and string names

- Reserved number register names

- Sample document

## 14.1. Alphabetical Summary of ms Macros

.1C | `.1C` Return to single-column format after `.2C` or `.MC`. The `.1C` macro causes a page break.
.2C | `.2C` Start two-column format. Return to single-column with `.1C`.
.AB | `.AB` Begin abstract in cover sheet. End abstract with `.AE`.
.AE | `.AE` End abstract begun with `.AB`.
.AI | `.AI` `name` `address` Print name, address, etc. of author's institution. Generally follows `.AU` in a cover sheet sequence; may be repeated up to nine times for multiple author/institution pairs.
.AU | `.AU` `name` Print author's name. Generally follows `.TL` and precedes `.AI` in a cover sheet sequence; may be repeated up to nine times for multiple authors.
.B | `.B` [`text`] [text2] Print text in boldface. If text2 is provided, concatenate it with text, but in the previous font. If no arguments are supplied, equivalent to `.ft 3` or `.ft B`.
.B1 | `.B1` Enclose following text in a box. End box with `.B2`.
.B2 | `.B2` End boxed text (started with `.B1`).
.BD | `.BD` Start block display. Text is output exactly as it appears in the source file, centered around the longest line. Same as `.DS B`. End with `.DE`.
.BX | `.BX` `word` Surround word in a box. Usually doesn't work for more than one word at a time, due to problems with filling. To box more than one word, separate each with an unpaddable space (`\`space).
.CD | `.CD` Start centered display. Each line in the display is individually centered. Same as `.DS` `C`. End with `.DE`.
.DA | `.DA` Print today's date as the center footer of each page.
.DE | `.DE` End displayed text started with `.DS`.
.DS | `.DS` [`type`] Start displayed text. End with `.DE`. #### Type
`B` | Left-justified block, centered; see .BD.
`C` | Centered display; see .CD.
`I` | Indented display (the default); see .ID.
`L` | Left-centered display; see .LD.
.EN | `.EN` End equation display started with `.EQ`.
.EQ | `.EQ` Start equation display to be processed by `eqn`. End with `.EN`. See Chapter 17, for more information on `eqn`.
.FS | `.FS` Start footnote. Text of footnote follows on succeeding lines. End with `.FE`.
.FE | `.FE` End footnote started with `.FS`.
.I | `.I` [`text`] [text2] Print text in italics. If text2 is provided, concatenate it with text, but in the previous font. If no arguments are supplied, equivalent to `.ft 2` or `.ft I`.
.ID | `.ID` Start indented display. Text is output exactly as it is in the source file, but indented 8 ens. Same as `.DS I`. End with `.DE`.
.IP | `.IP` `label n` Indent paragraph n spaces with hanging label. `.RS` and `.RE` can be used for nested indents.
.KE | `.KE` End static keep started with `.KS` or floating keep started with `.KF`.
.KF | `.KF` Begin floating keep. End with `.KE`. That is, if the amount of space required to output the text exceeds the space remaining on the current page, the keep is saved for the next page, while text following the display is used to fill the current page.
.KS | `.KS` Start keep. End with `.KE`. Enclosed text stays on same page. If text won't fit on current page, a page break occurs.
.LD | `.LD` Start left-justified display. Block is centered, but individual lines are left justified in the block. Same as `.DS L`. End with `.DE`.
.LG | `.LG` Increase type size by two points (`troff` only). Restore normal type with `.NL`.
.LP | `.LP` Start block paragraph. Interparagraph spacing is determined by register `PD`. Default is .5v in `troff` and 1 line in `nroff`.
.MC | `.MC` `cw gw` Start multicolumn mode, with column-width cw and gutter width gw. The macro generates as many columns as can fit in the current line length. Return to single-column mode with `.1C`.
.ND | `.ND` `date` Supply the date, instead of using the current date. See also .DA.
.NH | `.NH` [`n`] heading text Numbered section heading; level n of the section number is automatically incremented.
.NL | `.NL` Restore default type size (`troff` only). Used after `.LG` or `.SM`.
.PP | `.PP` Start standard indented paragraph. Size of paragraph indent is stored in register `PI` (default is 5 ens).
.QE | `.QE` End quoted paragraph started by `.QS`. `.QS`/`.QE` is similar to `.QP`.
.QP | `.QP` Begin quoted paragraph: indented on both sides, with blank lines above and below, and (in `troff`) with the type size reduced by 1 point.
.QS | `.QS` Begin quoted paragraph, retaining current point size and vertical spacing. End with `.QE`.
.R | `.R` Return to the roman font; essentially equivalent to `.ft R`.
.RE | `.RE` End one level of relative indent started with `.RS`.
.RP | `.RP` Initiate title page for a “released paper.”
.RS | `.RS` Right shift. Increase relative indent one level. End with `.RE`. Often used with `.IP`.
.SG | `.SG` Print a signature line.
.SH | `.SH` `heading text` Unnumbered section heading. See also .NH.
.SM | `.SM` Change to smaller type size (`troff` only). Restore normal type with `.NL`.
.TE | `.TE` End table to be processed by `tbl`. See .TS.
.TH | `.TH` End of table header. Must be used with a preceding `.TS H`.
.TL | `.TL` `multiline title` Title line(s) for cover sheet. A multiline title can be specified, ended by the next macro (usually `.AU` in the cover sheet sequence).
.TS | `.TS` [`H`] Start table to be processed by `tbl`. Use `H` to put a table header on all pages (end table header with `.TH`). End table with `.TE`. See Chapter 17 for more information on `tbl`.
.UL | `.UL` Underline following text, even in `troff`.

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