## 13.4. Extended Searching for Text with egrep

The egrep command is yet another version of grep (Section 13.2), one that extends the syntax of regular expressions. (Versions where grep and egrep are the same allow you to get egrep-like behavior from grep by using the -E option.) A plus sign (`+`) following a regular expression matches one or more occurrences of the regular expression; a question mark (`?`) matches zero or one occurrences. In addition, regular expressions can be nested within parentheses:

>     % egrep "Lab(oratorie)?s" name.list
>     AT&T Bell Laboratories
>     AT&T Bell Labs

>     Symtel Labs of Chicago

Parentheses surround a second regular expression and `?` modifies this expression. The nesting helps to eliminate unwanted matches; for instance, the word Labors or oratories would not be matched.

Another special feature of egrep is the vertical bar (`|`), which serves as an or operator between two expressions. Lines matching either expression are printed, as in the next example:

>     % egrep "stdscr|curscr" ch03
>     into the stdscr, a character array.
>     When stdscr is refreshed, the
>     stdscr is refreshed.
>     curscr.
>     initscr( ) creates two windows: stdscr
>     and curscr.

Remember to put the expression inside quotation marks to protect the vertical bar from being interpreted by the shell as a pipe symbol. Look at the next example:

>     % egrep "Alcuin (User|Programmer)('s)? Guide" docguide
>     Alcuin Programmer's Guide is a thorough
>     refer to the Alcuin User Guide
>     Alcuin User's Guide introduces new users to

You can see the flexibility that egrep's syntax can give you, matching either `User` or `Programmer` and matching them regardless of whether they had an `'s`.

Both egrep and fgrep can read search patterns from a file using the -f option (Section 13.5).

-- DJPD

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